Women, Business and the Law
Countries have made enormous progress in recent decades dismantling laws that discriminate against women, but to this day, no country has achieved true equality. What can countries do to unlock the full potential of their population?
World Development Report 2023: Migrants, Refugees, and Societies
There are 184 million people worldwide who live outside their country of nationality. About 43% of them live in low- and middle-income countries. With the right policies in place, cross-border migration can be a powerful force for development.
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Policy Research Working Papers
This paper looks at the use of a presumptive tax regime in Ethiopia and its effects on female-owned and low-revenue entrepreneurs. It finds that an alternative presumptive tax system with a single tax rate on turnover and an exemption for all low-revenue businesses would be simpler for tax…
Policy Research Working Papers
This paper quantifies the gains in gross domestic product per capita from closing gender employment gaps in the Middle East and North Africa, using three neoclassical growth models. All three models—the Gender Employment Gap Index, the Long Term Growth Model, and capital-skill complementarities—…
Policy Research Working Papers
This paper examines the impact of a program providing free bus transit for women in several Indian states on women’s time allocation and labor supply. The findings show that gender roles within households undermine the effect of gender-specific travel subsidies on female labor supply.
Policy Research Working Papers
Gender norms are often emphasized to help explain gender gaps in the labor market. This paper examines global patterns of gender attitudes and norms toward the stereotypical gender roles of the male breadwinner and female caregiver, and broad support for gender equality in opportunities, and…
Policy Research Working Papers
This paper investigates the effect of the introduction of unilateral divorce laws on women’s labor outcomes, using data from Morocco, the Arab Republic of Egypt, and Jordan. The findings partially confirm results from previous research on the relationship between no-fault divorce and women’s agency…
Policy Research Working Papers
It is not well understood what measures can influence social norms related to women’s participation in employment. This paper shows how a light touch, low-cost, easily scalable online intervention was able to change behavior so that participants made choices consistent with an aspiration for either…